1. Benzodiazepines

Medications such as those used for anxiety or insomnia slow brain activity. Long-term use can interfere with short-term memory and learning.

2. Sleeping Pills (Sedative-Hypnotics)

Sleep aids can cause next-day confusion, forgetfulness, and difficulty concentrating, particularly when used regularly.

3. Antidepressants (Certain Types)

Some older antidepressants affect acetylcholine, a chemical critical for memory and learning.

4. Antihistamines (First Generation)

Older allergy medications often cause drowsiness and mental fog because they easily cross into the brain.